Pulp Fiction Peels Reality: A New Sustainable Platform from Taperebá Coproducts and Green Solvents Modulating Inflammation and Combating Oxidative Stress

This study evaluates a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) formulation incorporating taperebá (Spondias mombin L.) peel extract and natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) as a sustainable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory platform for skin health. The peel extract, rich in polyphenols and carotenoids, was combined with NaDES-based lipids to improve stability and biocompatibility. The NLC-TAP-NaDES demonstrated an average particle size of approximately 150 nm. Human keratinocytes (HaCat) and melanocytes (SH-4) were used to assess cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and cytokine modulation. NLC-TAP-NaDES showed low toxicity, preserved cell morphology, and significantly reduced superoxide and hydroxyl radicals under hydrogen peroxide stress. The formulation also modulated key cytokines: TNF-α increased under basal conditions, supporting angiogenesis, while IL-6 and IFN-γ were downregulated in keratinocytes, suggesting balanced inflammation and improved barrier function. These findings indicate that NLC-TAP-NaDES provides oxidative protection and modulates inflammatory signaling in skin cells, supporting its potential as a sustainable platform for cosmetic and dermatological applications derived from agricultural byproducts.