Integrated framework optimizes electricity procurement and pricing in multi-region power markets, indicating efficiency gains.
• Proposes an integrated decision-making framework for electricity sales companies in multi-region power markets. • Jointly optimizes wholesale procurement portfolios, retail electricity packages, and curtailable-load contracts. • Models ESC–customer interaction as a multi-level Stackelberg–Bayesian game under incomplete information. • Quantifies procurement and pricing risks under demand and price volatility in coupled retail–wholesale markets.
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Yan et al. (2026) studied this question.
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