Intestinal mucosal immune responses induced by novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 and Sabin monovalent oral poliovirus vaccine type 2: an analysis of data from four clinical trials

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  Figure 1. Trial profiles of the four clinical trials included in the analytical cohort (A) Historical mOPV2 trials (2015–16). (B) Novel OPV2 trials (2018–19). High doses contained 106 50% cell culture infectious dose; low doses contained 105 50% cell culture infectious dose. Of the two novel oral polio vaccine type 2 candidates (nOPV2-c1 and nOPV2-c2), we focused our analysis exclusively on nOPV2-c1, which is termed as nOPV2 in the accompanying text and from day 0 onwards in the flow diagram. bOPV=bivalent oral polio vaccine. IPV=inactivated polio vaccine. mOPV2=monovalent oral polio vaccine type 2. nOPV2-c1=novel oral polio vaccine type 2 candidate 1. nOPV2-c2=novel oral polio vaccine type 2 candidate 2. tOPV=trivalent oral polio vaccine.

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  Figure 2. Differences in the distribution of poliovirus type 2-specific stool neutralisation titres (A) and of poliovirus type 2-specific stool IgA MFIs (B) at baseline and 2 weeks after Sabin monovalent type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine and novel type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine Colours and symbols indicate the polio vaccine received as a challenge. p values are from Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests. Note, the adults with IPV vaccination background from the nOPV2 trial (n=17) were excluded from this analysis to maintain the comparability between the groups. bOPV=bivalent oral polio vaccine type. IPV=inactivated polio vaccine. MFI=median fluorescence intensity. mOPV2=monovalent oral polio vaccine type 2. nOPV2=novel oral polio vaccine type 2. PV2=poliovirus type 2. tOPV=trivalent oral polio vaccine type.