The implicit and explicit attitudes of male athlete students toward performance-enhancing substances

Nowdays athletes use performance-enhancing substances (any type of nutritional, physical, mechanical, psychological, or pharmacological action) for a variety of reasons, including increasing their ability to perform physical activity and improve performance. The main reason for using these substances is attributed to the positive attitude towards them. These substances are categorized into authorized and unauthorized substances. The aim of this study was to investigate the implicit and explicit attitudes of Iranian male athlete students toward performance-enhancing substances.