The Association between Use of ICS and Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients with COPD—A Nationwide Cohort Study of 49,500 Patients

Figures

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  Figure A1. Median yearly accumulated ICS dose for the 4 groups of the study. Vertical bars represent the interquartile range. ICS: Inhaled corticosteroid.

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  Figure A2. Maximum pairwise absolute standardized mean difference (SMD) before and after inverse probability of treatment (IPTW) weighting. The values shown are the maximum SMD among all pairwise comparisons between the 4 groups. Charlson comorbidity index is excluding HIV. Abbreviations: ATE: Average treatment effect in the population, BMI: Body mass index. FEV1: Forced expiratory volume within 1 s (0–30%, 31–50%, 51–80%, >80%). OCS: Oral corticosteroid usage within 1 year (0 mg, <750 mg, ≥750 mg).

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  Figure 1. Flow diagram for the study population. Patients with at least 1 outpatient clinical visit between 1st of January 2010 and 31st of October 2017 were included from the Danish register for COPD (DrCOPD). Patients younger than 40 years old or with cancer other than basal cell carcinoma of the skin were excluded. Patients were divided into four groups on the basis of the accumulated ICS dose one year prior to entering the cohort. Abbreviations: CIS: carcinoma in situ. ICS: Inhaled corticosteroid.

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  Figure 2. Cumulative incidence function for collection of antidepressants within 5 years using inverse probability of treatment weighing. Abbreviations: ICS: Inhaled corticosteroid.

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  Figure 3. Cumulative incidence function for hospital admission with either depression, anxiety or bipolar disorder using inverse probability of treatment weighing. Abbreviations: ICS: Inhaled corticosteroid.