Heart rate variability and personality traits as predictors of Arabic language proficiency and gains during study abroad in Jordan

High stress predicts mood and anxiety disorders and can necessitate clinical intervention (Steffen et al., 2014). Language learners often experience high stress during intensive study abroad (SA) programs (Dewey et al., 2018), which can hinder communication (Buttaro, 2004; Peck, 1974). Acculturative stress is common among second language (L2) speakers and can coincide with stress related to theinability to communicate one’s thoughts and ideas (Savicki, 2010), further complicating communication. Therefore, reducing stress in immersive settings can be crucial due to the link between stress, L2 use, and psychological well-being (Dewaele & Dewaele, 2021). We report an exploratory investigation of the relationship between heart rate variability – a physiological measure of adaptation and positive functioning in stressful conditions – and personality and how these relate to the linguistic development of 21 students studying L2 Arabic intensively for 13 weeks, including heart rate variability (HRV), personality assessments, and language proficiency. Thisresearch demonstrates a key link: Personality traits predicted HRV, and HRV predicted Arabic language acquisition and its progression during SA. These findings highlight the potential of using HRV data, alongside other metrics, to improve L2 learners’ SA experience by addressing the influence of anxiety and emotions.