A vehicle-to-grid (V2G) enabled smart charging algorithm is developed in this paper to coordinate the stochastic charging behaviors of large amounts of electric vehicles (EVs). The dominant search matrix is used to resolve the curse of dimensionality problem existing in the centralized optimization problem. Meantime, the potential application of aggregated EVs in providing operating reserve to the grid as a kind of ancillary service is also discussed. The related effects on power system reliability in operating phase are calculated using the modified PJM method. Numerical case study show this V2G enabled smart charging algorithm can effectively transfer the charging load from the peak load periods to the load valley hours, and the unit commitment risk of the system decreases to a very low level with the additional operating reserve capacity provided by aggregated EVs. It is validated that smart charging can not only improve the system reliability but also reduce the cost.
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Zhang et al. (2017) studied this question.
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