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Usually a LLC resonant converter is used in applications with high input voltage (300-400 V) and low output voltage (48-60 V). This type of converter includes a half bridge topology and is only designed for unidirectional power transfer. Since the benefits of a LLC resonant converter are high efficiency, high power density and low EMI, it is a very interesting topology for vehicular applications. For bidirectional power transfer, a full bridge topology is established. In this way bidirectional functionality can be combined with high performance. In the past LLC resonant converters have been supplying telecommunication or consumer electronic - usually as a buck converter. In the present paper the challenge is to make it fit for automotive requirements.
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Pledl et al. (2010) studied this question.