Key result
A combination of serum biomarkers and noninvasive diagnostic methods is of practical utility for identifying early coronary atherosclerosis and vulnerable patients.
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A combination of serum biomarkers and noninvasive imaging approaches is useful for the early identification of coronary atherosclerosis and vulnerable patients.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects essentially all arterial beds including the aorta, coronaries, carotids, and peripheral arteries. It is the main cause of death in the western hemisphere, due to cardiovascular syndromes such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, and cerebrovascular accidents. Very substantial economic and human resources have been used on treatments of its complications, including imaging studies, coronary bypass surgery, catheter interventions, pacemakers, and medical treatments. Treating complications, however, are remedial actions. A better alternative is to prevent the development of atherosclerosis, or at least to identify patients who are at risk of acute events and intervene before they occur. The aims of this review are to discuss the predictive value of traditional and emerging risk factors, as well as the role of noninvasive diagnostic methods for coronary atherosclerosis, including exercise stress test, echo stress test, duplex ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance. A combination of serum biomarkers and noninvasive approaches is of practical utility for identifying early disease. It is to be expected that future developments will soon perfect our ability to identify the vulnerable patient and allow a more individualized approach. A aterosclerose é uma doença inflamatória crônica que afeta essencialmente todas as artérias incluindo a aorta, coronárias, carótidas e artérias periféricas. É a causa principal de morte no hemisfério ocidental, devido as síndromes cardiovasculares, tais como o infarto do miocárdio, insuficiência cardíaca e acidentes cerebrovasculares. Quantidades enormes de recursos económicos e humanos são usadas em tratamentos de suas complicações, inclusive estudos de imagem, cirurgias coronárias, intervenções com cateteres, marcapasso e tratamentos médicos. Tratar complicações, entretanto, são ações a posteriori. Uma alternativa melhor seria prevenir o desenvolvimento da aterosclerose, ou pelo menos identificar os pacientes que tenham risco de eventos agudos e intervir antes de sua ocorrência. O objetivo desta revisão é discutir o valor prognóstico dos fatores de riscos tradicionais e emergentes, e o papel dos métodos diagnósticos não invasivos para a doença coronária - teste de esforço, eco estresse, ultra-sonografia dúplex, tomografia computadorizada e a ressonância magnética. A combinação de marcadores biológicos e de métodos não invasivos, é de grande utilidade na identificação precoce da doença aterosclerótica. Futuros desenvolvimentos logo aperfeiçoarão nossa capacidade de identificar o paciente vulnerável e nos permitir um manejo mais individualizado.
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Luz et al. (2005) conducted a review in Coronary artery disease / Atherosclerosis. Noninvasive diagnostic methods and serum biomarkers was evaluated. A combination of serum biomarkers and noninvasive diagnostic methods is of practical utility for identifying early coronary atherosclerosis and vulnerable patients.
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