Análisis de dos sistemas de agro acuicultura integrada en Colombia bajo el enfoque de arquetipos de modelo de negocio sostenible

Today’s agrifood systems face the challenge of meeting the growing demand for food for a population that is projected to grow to more than nine billion people by 2050. To achieve this, it is necessary to develop sustainable production systems with organizational and business approaches focused not only on economic factors, but also on environmental and social factors. In this article, two cases of integrated agro-aquaculture systems (SAAI) developed in Colombia were analyzed with the objective of understanding their potential in the generation of social, environmental and economic value, using as an analytical framework the archetypes of sustainable business model (AMNS) proposed by Bocken et al. (2014). As the AMNS are an alternative to face the agri-food challenges in the Colombian context, the following question was posed: What are the innovations needed to balance the sustainability factors within their value structures? The analysis was based on a qualitative study with identification of extreme or polar cases (Volmar & Eisenhardt, 2020). The cases studied showed differentiated archetypes, with specific relationships in the exchange of value: In the first scenario, identified as a business SAAI case, the technological and social AMNS predominated, which favored the generation of economic and environmental value in its model, and opportunities for innovation were found in the creation of social value, such as work, support for local communities, education and training in production and sustainability issues. On the other hand, in the case of SAAI identified as community-based, a balance was observed in the three major groups of AMNS (organizational, social and technological), so that its value generation capacity was distributed in the social and environmental value, but it was evident that the economic value was not adequately captured. This shows an opportunity for innovation in the business model to take advantage of this wasted capacity or value, for example, through the incorporation of agrotourism services, community tourism or training and education. Future studies can delve deeper into the impact that integrated production systems have on ecosystems, as well as their regenerative capacity and value destruction alerts, for example, through invasive species.