Acknowledging Nature’s Intrinsic Rights Through Biophilic Constitutionalism

This research explores Biophilic Constitutionalism, a framework in tegrating biocentric/eco-centric values into legal orders to recognise nature’s intrinsic rights. While existing literature extensively debates the philosophy of nature’s rights, it lacks practical guidance for imple mentation, particularly internationally. This study investigates: (1) How can Biophilic Constitutionalism be effectively integrated into legal frameworks? and (2) What institutional mechanisms can balance human needs with nature’s rights? Using a mixed-methods approach, this research combines legal doctrinal analysis, comparative case studies (e.g., Ecuador, New Zealand), and environmental ethics theory. It exam ines legal instruments, case law, and governance structures, identifying best practices and implementation challenges. The study analyses the potential of “Guardians for Nature” and explores the feasibility of an International Environmental Court. Findings reveal uneven imple mentation of nature’s rights due to conflicting human interests. Key challenges include defining nature’s rights, establishing representation, and reconciling ecological needs with development. The study proposes a Biophilic Constitutionalism framework, emphasising comprehensive legal standing for nature, participatory governance, and the “principle of ecological necessity.” This research contributes a comprehensive framework for implementing Biophilic Constitutionalism nationally and internationally, offering practical guidance for policymakers and activists. Its findings have significant implications for environmental law and policy, potentially improving biodiversity and ecosystem protection.