Evidence‐based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Prostate Cancer (Summary – JUA 2006 Edition)

The present Clinical Practice Guidelines for Prostate Cancer (GL) were created mainly by the Japanese Urological Association as part of the 2003–2004 Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) Scientific Research Fund-supported Thorough Researches for the Evaluation of Medical Technologies. The guidelines are aimed to be used by general urologists and radiation oncologists committed to the treatment of prostate cancer. The complete text of these guidelines (a total of 233 pages) supervised by the Japanese Urological Association was already published in May 2006. The present edition is a summary of the complete text of the GL. The working team for the creation of the present clinical practice guidelines involved Sadao Kamidono (Chairman of the Japanese Urological Association, Kobe University), who served as the team leader; Shinichi Ohshima (National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology), who coordinated the overall structure of the GL; Yoshihiko Hirao (Nara Medical University), who collected Evidence-based Medicine (EBM)-intended reports; Kazuhiro Suzuki (Gunma University School of Medicine), who was responsible for the epidemiology section; Yoichi Arai (Tohoku University), who contributed to the diagnosis section; Hiroyuki Fujimoto (National Cancer Center), who contributed to the surgical treatment section; Shin Egawa (The Jikei University), who contributed to the radiation therapy section; Hideyuki Akaza (University of Tsukuba), who contributed to the pharmacotherapy section; and Isao Hara (Kobe University), who contributed to the expectant management and supportive care sections. Tomonori Hasegawa (Toho University) served as the advisor, and evaluated the GL using the Appraisal of Clinical Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) Instrument. All of these contributors were committee members of the MHLW Scientific Research Fund-Supported project. Shiro Hinotsu (Tsukuba University) also joined the Working Group in the research of published reports and in creating the structured abstract and Yoshiyuki Kakehi (Kagawa University) joined the Working Groups in the field of expectant management and supportive care. Furthermore, researchers were assisted by 30 urologists affiliated with the Japanese Urological Association, four experts in public health and literature search, eight members of the Japanese Society for Therapeutic Radiation and Oncology and two members of the Japan Society of Clinical Oncology. A total of 317 urologists from 46 institutions all over Japan took part in the compilation of structured abstracts as directed by the Japanese Urological Association. Urologists outside the GL creation team contributed to the external evaluation of the first draft version of the GL. Thus, the present GL was completed in fact by the aggregated dedication of the Japanese Urological Association as well as the united efforts of the Japan Society of Clinical Oncology and the Japanese Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. ‘Evidence-based Medicine’ (EBM) has been defined as ‘conscientious, accurate, careful utilization of optimal up-to-date information for making a medical decision for individual patients’. 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