A Brief Self Report Form of the Cartoon Scale of Preschool and Primary Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Control Scale

This study presents construct validity evidence for a brief self report form of the Nowicki-Strickland Preschool and Primary Internal-External control scale (PPNSIE). The 13 item scale was completed by 376 first and second graders. Based on a series of analyses, this brief self report scale appeared to have a factor structure similar to that of the PPNSIE as well as comparable reliability, item characteristics, and relation to achievement.