Reflecting on the Goal and Baseline for Exascale Computing: A Roadmap Based on Weather and Climate Simulations

We present a roadmap towards exascale computing based on true application performance goals. It is based on two state-of-the art European numerical weather prediction models (IFS from ECMWF and COSMO from MeteoSwiss) and their current performance when run at very high spatial resolution on present-day supercomputers. We conclude that these models execute about 100–250 times too slow for operational throughput rates at a horizontal resolution of 1 km, even when executed on a full petascale system with nearly 5000 state-of-the-art hybrid GPU-CPU nodes. Our analysis of the performance in terms of a metric that assesses the efficiency of memory use shows a path to improve the performance of hardware and software in order to meet operational requirements early next decade.