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This paper first estimates the energy efficiency of 13 cities and 30 key industries in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region between 2008 and 2017 using the super-efficiency slacks-based measure (SBM) model. Structural deviation, Moore index, and coupling coordination degree quantify the cities' industrial restructuring, upgrading, and coordination. Afterward, the extended STIRPAT model reveals the relationship between energy efficiency and industrial structure. Finally, a coupling coordination degree model measures the coupling between energy efficiency and industrial advanced development coefficients in key industries. The results show a wide variation in energy efficiency between cities, with most cities experiencing a decline in energy efficiency. Industrial structure adjustment and upgrading are on the rise, and coordination is on the wane, with the most significant changes occurring in the cities around Beijing. In most cities, industrial structure adjustment, upgrading, and coordination on energy efficiency are negative, positive, and negative. The coupling imbalance of energy efficiency and industrial advanced development coefficients is the most apparent feature of the key sectors, and this feature is not improving.
Xue et al. (Mon,) studied this question.