A systematic review of the effects of NMDA receptor antagonists on oscillatory activity recorded in vivo

Distinct frequency bands can be differentiated from neuronal ensemble recordings, such as local field potentials or electrocorticogram recordings. Recent years have witnessed a rapid acceleration of research examining how N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists influence fundamental frequency bands in cortical and subcortical brain regions. Herein, we systematically review findings from in vivo studies with a focus on delta, theta, gamma and more recently identified high-frequency oscillations. We also discuss some of the current hypotheses that are considered to account for the actions of NMDAR antagonists on these frequency bands. The data emphasize a close relationship between altered oscillatory activity and NMDAR blockade, with both local and large-scale networks accounting for their effects. These findings may have fundamental implications for the psychotomimetic effects produced by NMDAR antagonists.