What does this research mean for the field?

The 24-item Academic Grit Scale is a culturally adapted, psychometrically valid and reliable tool for measuring the multidimensional constructs of determination, resilience, and focus in higher education students. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.METHODOLOGICAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

This study aimed to develop a 24-item Academic Grit Scale tailored for higher education students in Indonesia, focusing on key dimensions of academic perseverance.

June 2, 2026Asian Journal of Human Services0 citationsOpen Access

Academic Grit Scale:

MMMuchammad Saiful MACHFUDState University of Malang IHIM. HambaliState University of Malang ASArbin Janu SetyowatiState University of Malang

Key Points

This study aimed to develop a 24-item Academic Grit Scale tailored for higher education students in Indonesia, focusing on key dimensions of academic perseverance.
A total of 173 students participated, emphasizing cultural relevance in scale adaptation.
Quantitative approach included content validation, reliability testing via Classical Test Theory, and construct validation using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).
Normality tests and fit indices were calculated to ensure data validity and reliability of the scale.
Content validity was strong (I-CVI = 1.00; S-CVI = 1.00) and high internal consistency was found (Cronbach's α = 0.87).
CFA confirmed a three-factor model with excellent fit indices (χ²/df = 1.98, p = 0.12; CFI = 0.94; TLI = 0.93; RMSEA = 0.05).
All factor loadings exceeded 0.60 and were statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Abstract

The need for an Academic Grit Scale arises from the recognition of academic grit as a critical factor in student success.However, the brevity of existing scales limits their ability to capture the multidimensional nature of academic perseverance in higher education.This study aimed to adapt and validate the 24-item AGS for students in higher education, particularly in Indonesia, ensuring cultural relevance and construct specificity.The expanded scale measures three dimensions: determination, resilience, and focus.A total of 173 students (Mage = 21.41,SD = 2.11; 34.1% male, 65.9% female) participated.A quantitative approach was used, including content validation, reliability testing through Classical Test Theory (CTT), and construct validation via Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).Content validity showed strong relevance (I-CVI = 1.00;S-CVI = 1.00).Reliability testing indicated high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.87; subscales ranging from 0.83 to 0.85).Normality tests confirmed the data were normally distributed Kolmogorov-Smirnov: D = 0.052, p = 0.376, Shapiro-Wilk: W = 0.987, p = 0.103.CFA supported the three-factor model with excellent fit indices (χ²/df = 1.98, p = 0.12; CFI = 0.94; TLI = 0.93; RMSEA = 0.05; SRMR = 0.04), with all factor loadings exceeding 0.60 and statistically significant (p < 0.001).The results establish the 24-item AGS as a culturally adapted, psychometrically sound tool for assessing academic perseverance among Indonesian students.However, the study's limitations include the absence of external validity testing and reliance on self-reported measures, suggesting a need for further studies.

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