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Review analyzes the establishment of nursing education reforms in postwar Japan, highlighting implications for profession.
The current system of nursing education in Japan was the result of reform during the Occupation. This study analyzes the deliberative process by which a new professional nursing education system was implemented in postwar Japan. Colonel Crawford F. Sams (Sams) of the Public Health and Welfare Section of General Headquarters established the Nursing Education Council in 1946 to deliberate a new nursing education system. The council held discussions on curriculum, and the position and role of nursing in Japan. The deliberations resulted in a system in which the three types of nurses, clinical, public health and midwives, were unified under one general education system, with high school graduation a prerequisite for entrance. A 3-year basic course of nursing for all nurses, following specific guidelines set by the council, was designed. Specialists in midwifery or public health required post-graduate education. Nursing was formally recognized as a profession. This study clarifies the deliberative process by which a new nursing education system, unique to Japan, was established in a national nursing policy initiative during the Occupation.
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A 2002 study studied this question.
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