Mathematical construction reveals curvature-induced displacement of oscillation zeros in a compact 3D manifold.
We present a novel mathematical construction relating an exponentially growing Bessel vector field W^i on a closed 2-dimensional submanifold Ω² embedded within a compact 3-dimensional Riemannian manifold M to forced geodesic motion through M. The Bessel vector field W^i is differentiated using the intrinsic Levi-Civita connection ∇ with respect to the induced metric h on Ω². The Christoffel correction term Γ^i_js W^j in ∇_s W^i couples the Bessel oscillations to the intrinsic geometry of Ω², deforming the zero-structure of ∇_s W^i away from that of the flat-space derivative ∂_s W^i. We establish via rigorous proof that the zeros of the geodesic component of ∇_s W^i are displaced from those of J'_n(s) by a correction controlled by the principal curvatures of Ω² and the sectional curvature of M along Ω² (Propositions 1–3). We further establish that exponential growth of this displacement at second order in curvature occurs when the force profile F^µ ~ e^(kz) drives a z-dependent tilt in the projected tangent e^i along γ(λ) (Proposition 4). All structural gaps in this argument are resolved; the explicit computation of the geometric coefficient A_k is identified as the remaining open problem. The flat-space limit is cleanly recovered when all curvatures vanish. We refer to this structure as Smith's Bessel-Geodesic Conjecture and provide a worked example for the embedding S²(ρ) ↪ S³(r).
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Edward Lendward Smith (2026) studied this question.
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