Psychological Impact of Hospitalization on Patients with Chronic Illnesses in Ekiti State, Nigeria

Hospitalization frequently generates significant psychological stress in patients with chronic illnesses, yet the mental health dimensions of inpatient care remain under-addressed in low- and middle-income countries such as Nigeria. The study assessed the psychological impact of hospitalization on patients with chronic illnesses, including their experiences, attitudes, coping mechanisms, and the social and environmental factors that influence psychological well-being, at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH), Ado Ekiti. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. A simple random sample of 60 patients with confirmed chronic illnesses (diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, liver failure, or stroke) was recruited from the Medical Out-Patient Unit of EKSUTH. Data were collected using a validated structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 29. Chi-square tests were conducted at p < 0.05. Most respondents were aged 50 years and above (38.3%), female (55%), and diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (35%) or chronic kidney disease (28.3%). Approximately 66.7% reported emotional deterioration, anxiety, and worsening mental health with prolonged admission, while 63.3% experienced sleep disturbances. Conversely, 78.3% accepted hospitalization as necessary, 70% trusted healthcare workers, and 71.7% remained hopeful. Prayer and spiritual practice, acceptance, and distraction were the most used coping strategies. Both tested hypotheses were rejected, confirming significant relationships between patients' illness experience and hospital duration, and between patients' attitudes and their overall hospital experience (both χ² calculated = 16.92 > χ² critical, p < 0.05). Hospitalization exerts simultaneous negative and positive psychological effects on chronically ill patients. Prolonged stays amplify emotional distress, yet most patients retain resilience, trust in caregivers, and optimism. Holistic nursing care that integrates psychosocial support, therapeutic communication, and respect for spiritual and cultural needs is essential to optimize psychological outcomes.