Effect of sinusoidal leg cycling exercise period on brachial artery blood flow dynamics in humans

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Example of the time-serial changes of BF-BA during sinusoidally fluctuating WR exercise with the periods of a 2 min, b 4 min, and c 6 min in a representative subject. Time “0” indicates the onset of sine exercise. The dotted line indicates the sinusoidal WR change as a reference

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  Fig. 2. Example of the superimposed responses of BF-BA (blood flow in brachial artery; sec-by-sec data expressed as each dot point) in 2-, 4-, and 6-min periods of sinusoidal WR forcing (bold dotted line as a reference) in the representative subject. The results by fitting of sinusoidal curve are shown by the thin line (see details in “Model fitting” section)

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  Fig. 3. Example of the superimposed responses of SBF-forearm (skin blood flow in the non-glabrous forearm; sec-by-sec data expressed as each dot point) in 2-, 4- and 6-min periods of sinusoidal WR forcing (bold dotted line as a reference) in a representative subject. The results by fitting of sinusoidal curve are shown by the thin line (see details in “Model fitting” section)

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  Fig. 4. The effect of the periods of sinusoidal WR on the phase delays and relative amplitudes (A/M) of typical gas exchange and circulatory variables: VO2, VE, and HR. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Significant differences between the periods are indicated by * for P < 0.05

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  Fig. 5. The effect of the periods of sinusoidal WR on the phase delays and relative amplitudes (A/M) of variables in upper non-active limbs: BF-BA, SBF, and SR in the forearm. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Significant differences between the periods are indicated by * for P < 0.05