Applying Frame of Reference and Reframing Techniques to Improve School Consultation in Multicultural Settings

The literature that focuses on multicultural issues in school consultation is very limited. Two concepts, frame of reference and reframing, are proposed as important techniques that can be applied to improve school consultation and that may be particularly helpful in addressing multicultural issues. These concepts can allow for more effective, efficient, and often more innovative solutions to consultation problems, especially with consultees of different cultural backgrounds than that of the consultant. A case example is presented to demonstrate how these two concepts can be implemented in different multicultural contexts. Finally, implications for practice and some limitations and cautions concerning these techniques are presented.