The Deceptive Manifestations of Treatment Resistance in Depression: A New Look at the Problem

In the past decade, the number of papers dealing with resistance in depression has increased to a considerable . It has recently been discussed whether definitions of treatment resistance are appropriate: of misdiagnosis, diagnostic and biological heterogeneity, suboptimal therapeutic strategies have raised [1–3]. However, current conceptualizations treatment resistance focus on the characteristics of the (whether neurobiological assets, or attitudes, or comorbidity) for the insufficient effectiveness antidepressant drugs and omit any reference to the potential effects of treatment [4], as if, in the field infectious disease, treatment resistance were conceptualized of the previous use of antibiotics. will try to outline some historical developments of concept of treatment resistance in depression and a different assessment strategy is required to address clinical challenges.