A concise route to prepare water-soluble rare-earth ion doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) by encapsulation of grafted cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte brushes (PFNBr) is reported. Integrating two kinds of upconversion materials effectively addresses multicolor fluorescence by introducing the concept of dual-upconversion.
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Hu et al. (2013) studied this question.
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