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Alfred Blumstein, Soumyo Moitra, An Analysis of the Time Series of the Imprisonment Rate in the States of the United States: A Further Test of the Stability of Punishment Hypothesis, The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), Vol. 70, No. 3 (Autumn, 1979), pp. 376-390
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Blumstein et al. (1979) studied this question.
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