The first-order ocean surface cross section for shipborne HFSWR with rotation motion

To analyze the characteristics of ocean surface backscatter signals, the first-order high frequency (HF) radar ocean surface cross section is mathematically developed for the case of an omnidirectional transmitting/receiving antenna being installed on the shipborne platform with rotation motion. The developed cross section could be degenerated to a stationary monostatic land-based case. The simulations are carried out under different radar parameters and sea states. The results show that the rotation motion has an important influence on radar Doppler spectrum, which may bring significant implications in future investigations for detection of sea targets and ocean remote sensing.