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In this paper we develop a stochastic differential equation to describe the dynamic evolution of the congestion window size of a single TCP session over a network. The model takes into account recovery from packet losses with both fast recovery and time-outs, boundary behavior at zero and maximum window size, and slow-start after time-outs. We solve the differential equation to derive the distribution of the window size in steady state. We compare the model predictions with the output from the NS simulator.
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Budhiraja et al. (2004) studied this question.
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