Lensing measurements of the ellipticity of luminous red galaxies dark matter haloes

Lensing measurements of the shapes of dark matter haloes can provide tests of gravity theories and possible dark matter interactions. We measure the quadrupole weak lensing signal from the elliptical haloes of 70 000 Sloan Digital Sky Survey luminous red galaxies. We use a new estimator that nulls the spherical halo lensing signal, isolating the shear due to anisotropy in the dark matter distribution. One of the two Cartesian components of our estimator is insensitive to the primary systematic, a spurious alignment of lens and source ellipticities, allowing us to make robust measurements of halo ellipticity. Our best-fitting value for the ellipticity of the surface mass density is 0.24 ± 0.06, which translates to an axis ratio of 0.78. We rule out the hypothesis of no ellipticity at the 4σ confidence level, and ellipticity <0.12 (axis ratio >0.89) at the 2σ level. We discuss how our measurements of halo ellipticity are revised to higher values using estimates of the misalignment of mass and light from simulations. Finally, we apply the same techniques to a smaller sample of redMaPPer galaxy clusters and obtain a 3σ measurement of cluster ellipticity. We discuss how the improved signal-to-noise ratio properties of our estimator can enable studies of halo shapes for different galaxy populations with upcoming surveys.