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A sufficiently strong applied electric field causes a shift and splitting of absorption and emission lines in atomic spectroscopy well known as Stark effect. With molecules usually only a field dependent change of the absorption and emission coefficient can be observed, a phenomenon called electrochromism. The various reasons which contribute to electrochromism are treated in this paper. Emphasized are the effects of the solvent molecules on the effective electric field causing additional contributions to electrochromism in solutions or other dense media compared to electrochromism in a gaseous phase.
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W. Liptay (1976) studied this question.
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