Key result
Current cigarette smoking significantly increased the risk of all-cause mortality compared with never smoking (HR 1.70) over a 30-year follow-up in a Thai population.
Why the study?
Studies evaluating the health consequences of smoking in Asian populations in low-to-middle income countries are very limited.
Does cigarette smoking increase all-cause mortality and MACE in a Thai population?
Cohort
Does cigarette smoking increase all-cause mortality and MACE in a Thai population?
Hazard Ratio: 1.7
Cigarette smoking significantly increases the risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and MACE in a Thai population over a 30-year period, demonstrating a clear dose-response relationship.
Supports smoking cessation in Thai adults; extends long-term observational mortality data to Asia but remains hypothesis-generating.
Despite the overwhelming evidences on the health consequences of smoking, studies in Asian population in low-to-middle income countries are very limited. Baseline data of a prospective cohort study were collected in year 1985. Endpoints regarding all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were followed for 30 years. Cox proportional hazard models were used for analysis. Participants had an average age of 43 years, 23% were female, and 43% were current smokers. All-cause mortality was significantly higher in ex-smokers (hazard ratio [HR] 1.32) and current smokers (HR 1.70) when compared with never smokers. Participants with any history of smoking had significantly higher risk of developing MACE. Furthermore, all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and MACE increased with increasing pack years. Statistically significant dose-response relationships were established. Therefore, cigarette smoking increased the risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and MACE in Thai population. Results emphasized the importance of tobacco control in Thailand.
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Thiravetyan et al. (2022) reported a cohort. Cigarette smoking vs. Never smokers was evaluated on All-cause mortality (HR 1.70). Current cigarette smoking significantly increased the risk of all-cause mortality compared with never smoking (HR 1.70) over a 30-year follow-up in a Thai population.
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