Stress Interpretation by Using Blood Glucose levels, blood pressure and pulse rate measurement in Patients attending Oral and Maxillofacial Clinic in College of Dentistry at University of Sulaimani

Objective: Based on specific parameters such as blood glucose levels, blood pressure, and pulse rate, a prospective randomized case-control study was conducted to determine the stress during minor oral surgical procedures. Methods: A total of 200 patients who underwent minor oral surgical procedures were randomly assigned into two groups: group (1) received 2% lignocaine with adrenaline, while group (2) received the same plus an oral intake of 10 mg glucose in 200 mL water after administration of local anesthesia. Before starting the operation and after the procedure was completed, the blood glucose level, blood pressure, and pulse rate were taken at the chairside, with the time difference for each phase noted. Results: In group (1), blood glucose levels were found to decrease before operations and then increase to a value higher than the preoperative value, while in group (2), blood sugar levels remained constant before eventually rising to a higher postoperative value. Blood pressure increased gradually in all classes, and a rise in pulse rate was observed. Conclusions: We found a temporary decrease in blood glucose levels preceding an increase in blood glucose levels, lasting no more than four or five minutes in minor intraoral operations under local anesthesia. Mild hypoglycemia may trigger episodes of psychogenic syncope, so this brief hypoglycemia is of great clinical importance. At the same time, pulse rate and blood pressure gradually increase with the procedures' progress, which is due to sympathetic nervous system excitation that promotes norepinephrine-induced changes in many systems.