Minimalist definitions of populism, which are dominant in “Western” analysis, conceptualize Chavismo as a form of illiberal populism A methodological, theoretical, and empirical critique of the applicability of the term “populism” to contemporary Venezuelan politics, focused on the lived experiences of the popular classes in communal councils and urban land committees, reveals that its use masks an innovative and contradictory political process aimed at creating popular democratic subjects and a popular democracy beyond the liberal state and the market economy.
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Sara C. Motta (2010) studied this question.
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