Roe deer Capreolus capreolus fawns and mowing ‐ mortality rates and countermeasures

Besides red fox Vulpes vulpes predation, mowing is probably the most important mortality factor for roe deer Capreolus capreolus neonates in areas of intensive agriculture. Using radio‐transmitters on roe deer neonates in south‐central Sweden, I estimated mortality caused by mowing and tested and evaluated a traditional method to decrease this kind of mortality. During 1997–1999 fawn mortality caused by mowing was estimated at 25–44% of the yearly recruitment. Fawns were at risk for at least up to one month of age. The method tested uses scaring devices made of plastic sacks that are set out before mowing. The idea is that this will prevent female roe deer from placing their fawns in the field and make them remove the ones already hiding there. Black plastic sacks were attached to approximately 2‐m long poles and placed in hay fields where marked fawns were bedded. During 1998–1999,14 separate experiments were performed. Out of 22 fawns bedded in the vicinity of sacks, 18 were removed the day after the sacks were set out and three were removed on the second day. The fawns were always removed to another field or habitat patch. Fawns in the experiments were removed to a higher degree than fawns used as a control, and they were moved longer distances than both control fawns and the distances moved during the days before the experiment. The results imply that the use of this method is effective in reducing the mortality of roe deer fawns.