A multidisciplinary approach to post-operative fragility hip fracture care in Thailand – a narrative review

INTRODUCTION: Appropriate care and rehabilitation following surgery for fragility hip fractures in older adults is associated with better outcomes and a greater likelihood of achieving pre-injury functioning. Clinical guidelines specifically for the post-operative care and rehabilitation of patients with hip fractures are scarce; as such, country-specific protocols benchmarked against established guidelines are essential given the wide variation in cultures and beliefs, clinical practice and diverse healthcare systems in Asia. We aimed to provide clinically relevant recommendations for post-operative fragility hip fracture care and rehabilitation to improve patient outcomes and prevent subsequent fractures in Thailand. METHODS: A targeted literature review was conducted to identify key evidence on various elements of post-hip fracture care and rehabilitation. Further discussions at a meeting and over email correspondence led to the development of the recommendations which amalgamate available evidence with the clinical experience of the multidisciplinary expert panel. RESULTS: Our recommendations are categorized by one period domain - acute post-operative period, and five major domains during the post-operative period - rehabilitation, optimization of bone health, prevention of falls, nutritional supplementation, and prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism. A multidisciplinary approach should be central to the rehabilitation process with the involvement of orthopedists, geriatricians/internists, physiatrists, physical and occupational therapists, endocrinologists, pharmacists and nursing staff. Other key components of our recommendations which we believe contribute to better functional outcomes in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery include comprehensive pre-operative assessments, early surgery, goal setting for recovery and rehabilitation, early mobilization, medication optimization, tailored exercise plans, adequate coverage with analgesia, assessment and appropriate management of osteoporosis with due consideration of the fracture risk, fall prevention plans, and nutritional assessment and support. Patients and their caregivers should be a part of the recovery process at every step, and they should be counseled and educated appropriately, particularly on the importance of adherence to their rehabilitation plan. CONCLUSION: We have provided guidance on the critical domains of clinical care in the post-operative setting to optimize patient outcomes and prevent fracture recurrence. Our recommendations for post-operative care and rehabilitation of older adults with hip fracture can serve as a framework for hospitals across Thailand.