Association of Cytokine IL-17, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-12 Gene Polymorphisms in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that involves cytokines in its pathogenesis. This study is aimed at investigating if gene polymorphisms in cytokines like IL-17, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-12 affect RA susceptibility and severity in the Bangladeshi population. This was a cross-sectional comparative study that included 40 diagnosed RA patients according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria 2010, who were free from other rheumatological diseases, and 40 healthy subjects for comparison. The study used PCR-RFLP to determine the IL-17, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-12 cytokine gene polymorphisms. Patients had a mean age of <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><a:mn>37.22</a:mn><a:mo>±</a:mo><a:mn>6.70</a:mn></a:math> years. Among the patients, 31 were female and 9 were male. The mean disease duration was <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><c:mn>18.11</c:mn><c:mo>±</c:mo><c:mn>7.39</c:mn></c:math> months. The study found that rheumatoid arthritis patients with the IL-17F (7488 A/G) polymorphism with GG genotype ( <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><e:mi>P</e:mi><e:mo>=</e:mo><e:mn>0.006</e:mn></e:math> , <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><g:mtext>OR</g:mtext><g:mo>=</g:mo><g:mn>8.56</g:mn></g:math> , 95% <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><i:mtext>CI</i:mtext><i:mo>=</i:mo><i:mn>1.77</i:mn><i:mo>−</i:mo><i:mn>41.33</i:mn></i:math> ) and IL-12B (1188 A/C) polymorphism with AC ( <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><k:mi>P</k:mi><k:mo>=</k:mo><k:mn>0.012</k:mn></k:math> , <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"><m:mtext>OR</m:mtext><m:mo>=</m:mo><m:mn>3.69</m:mn></m:math> , 95% <o:math xmlns:o="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8"><o:mtext>CI</o:mtext><o:mo>=</o:mo><o:mn>1.43</o:mn><o:mo>−</o:mo><o:mn>9.53</o:mn></o:math> ) and CC ( <q:math xmlns:q="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9"><q:mi>P</q:mi><q:mo>=</q:mo><q:mn>0.013</q:mn></q:math> , <s:math xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M10"><s:mtext>OR</s:mtext><s:mo>=</s:mo><s:mn>7.58</s:mn></s:math> , 95% <u:math xmlns:u="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11"><u:mtext>CI</u:mtext><u:mo>=</u:mo><u:mn>1.56</u:mn><u:mo>−</u:mo><u:mn>36.88</u:mn></u:math> ) genotypes were significantly associated with disease risk. Furthermore, patients with the IL-17F (7488) GG genotype and IL-12B (1188) AC and CC genotypes had higher rheumatoid arthritis disease severity and activity parameters. The study found no significant association between polymorphisms involving IL-4 (590 C/T) and IL-6 (174 G/C) genes and rheumatoid arthritis disease risk in the Bangladeshi population. Gene polymorphisms in cytokines IL-17F (7488 A/G) and IL-12B (1188 A/C) can predict disease susceptibility and severity in Bangladeshi rheumatoid arthritis patients.