Key result
Average salt intake estimated from urinary excretion was 7.8 ± 3.2 g/d, with 82.1% of Chinese postmenopausal women with prehypertension exceeding the WHO recommendation of 5 g/day.
Cross-Sectional (n=655)
In Hong Kong Chinese postmenopausal women with prehypertension, average salt intake is significantly above WHO recommendations, primarily driven by non-discretionary sources like soup, rice/noodles, and baked cereals.
May support salt assessment in care; leaves open whether reduction improves outcomes in postmenopausal prehypertension.
BACKGROUND: Reducing salt intake in communities is one of the most effective and affordable public health strategies to prevent hypertension, stroke and renal disease. The present study aimed to determine the sodium intake in Hong Kong Chinese postmenopausal women and identify the major food sources contributing to sodium intake and urine excretion. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study among 655 Chinese postmenopausal women with prehypertension who were screened for a randomized controlled trial. Data collection included 24 h urine collection for the measurement of sodium, potassium and creatinine, 3-day dietary records, anthropometric measures and questionnaire survey on demographic data and dietary habits. RESULTS: The average salt intake estimated from urinary excretion was 7.8 ± 3.2 g/d with 82.1% women above WHO recommendation of 5 g/day. Food groups as soup (21.6%), rice and noodles (13.5%), baked cereals (12.3%), salted/preserved foods (10.8%), Chinese dim sum (10.2%) and sea foods (10.1%) were the major contributors of non-discretionary salt. Discretionary salt use in cooking made a modest contribution to overall intake. Vegetable and fruit intake, age, sodium intake from salted foods, sea foods and soup were the independent determinants of urinary sodium excretion. CONCLUSIONS: Our data revealed a significant room for reduction of the sodium intake. Efforts to reduce sodium from diets in Hong Kong Chinese postmenopausal women should focus on both processed foods and discretionary salt during cooking. Sodium reduction in soup and increase in fruit intake would be potentially effective strategy for reducing sodium.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Liu et al. (2014) conducted a cross-sectional in Prehypertension (n=655). Dietary sodium intake was evaluated on Average salt intake estimated from urinary excretion. Average salt intake estimated from urinary excretion was 7.8 ± 3.2 g/d, with 82.1% of Chinese postmenopausal women with prehypertension exceeding the WHO recommendation of 5 g/day.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: