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A 2-instrument set comprising a half-circle axis marker and a degree gauge that facilitates precise placement of ink marks on the cornea is described. Guiding the half-circle axis marker by the previously positioned degree gauge ensures placement of the marks on the astigmatic axis line that transects the center of the cornea and overlies the index marks on the toric intraocular lens.
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John M. Graether (2009) studied this question.
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