Key result
Global PAD death rates declined ~0.2% annually, with smoking and hypertension as primary risk factors.
Why the study?
Peripheral arterial disease is a prevalent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, making it crucial to assess PAD-related burden and its attributable risk factors.
Observational
Yes
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Despite a mild global downward trend in age-standardized PAD mortality and DALYs, the absolute burden is increasing, with high fasting plasma glucose emerging as a rapidly growing risk factor, particularly in lower sociodemographic index regions.
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a prevalent subtype of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. It is crucial to assess the PAD-related burden and its attributable risk factors. We use the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 database to calculate the incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALY), attributable risk factors and estimated annual percentage change. The disease burden of PAD grows significantly with age accompanied by prominent heterogeneity between male and female. Despite the increase in the absolute numbers of disease burden from 1990 to 2019, the global PAD-related age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDALYR) have a mild downward trend from 1990 to 2019, which negatively correlated with sociodemographic index (SDI). Smoking and high systolic blood pressure (SBP) were the primary attributable risk factors for males (ASDR: 33.4%; ASDALYR: 43.4%) and females (ASDR: 25.3%; ASDALYR: 27.6%), respectively. High fasting plasma glucose (FPG) had become the second risk factor for ASDR (males: 28.5%; females: 25.2%) and ASDALYR (males: 29.3%; females: 26.3%) with an upward tendency. Low-middle SDI regions were predicted to have the most remarkable upward trend of PAD-related burden caused by high FPG. Smoking caused more disease burden in males before 85-90 years old and females before 65-70 years old, while high FPG and high SBP caused more burden after that. The patterns of PAD-related burden and its attributable risk factors are heterogeneous across ages, genders, and SDI regions. To reduce disease burden, tailored strategies should be implemented.
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You et al. (2023) conducted an observational in Peripheral arterial disease. Attributable risk factors (smoking, high systolic blood pressure, high fasting plasma glucose) vs. Unexposed/reference was evaluated on Age-standardized death rate (ASDR) trend from 1990 to 2019 (EAPC -0.19, 95% CI -0.26 to -0.12). From 1990 to 2019, the global age-standardized death rate for peripheral arterial disease showed a mild downward trend (EAPC -0.19), with smoking and high systolic blood pressure as the primary attributable risk factors.
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