Global reconstructions of vocational education and training

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. '"Powerful knowledge" (Young 2009) refers to knowledge that is the basis for reliable explanations and exploring alternatives. It is expressed in conceptual rather than practical form and is frequently, but not necessarily, associated with science and technology' (Young and Allais 2009 Young , M. , and S. Allais . 2009 . Conceptualizing the role of qualifications in education reform . In Researching NQFs: Some conceptual issues , ed. S. Allais , D. Raffe , and M. Young , 5 – 22 . International Labour Office, Employment Sector, Skills and Employability Department, Employment working paper no. 44 . Geneva : ILO . [Google Scholar], 14).