Ferroelectric tetragonal tungsten bronze crystals, e.g., SBN:60, SBN:50, BSKNN, KLN and SKN have been grown and are shown to possess large electro-optic r₃₃ coefficients. Striation-free SBN:60 single crystals show a strong enchancement in photorefractive characteristics, indicating a major interest for photorefractive and spatial light modulator device applications.
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Ratnakar R. Neurgaonkar (1984) studied this question.