Articulatory feedback is effective for computer-assisted pronunciation training (CAPT) systems. This paper investigates efficient model learning methods for providing articulatory information to language learners. We first propose an articulatory attribute modeling method based on a multi-label learning scheme. Then, the models are further enhanced with a simple and effective training label correction method. These proposed methods are evaluated in three tasks: native attribute recognition, pronunciation error detection of non-native speech, and non-native speech recognition. Experimental results show that proposed methods significantly improve the conventional deep neural network (DNN) based articulatory models.
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Duan et al. (2018) studied this question.