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Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control has been widely used to provide inertia and damping for renewable energy generation systems. The added inertia and damping coefficients are usually designed according to the stability margin. However, VSGs can suffer from the inherent synchronous frequency resonance (SFR), which also limits the parameters in active and reactive power control loops. To analyze the parameter constraints owing to the SFR, this paper develops a sequence impedance model covering wide-range frequency characteristics of the VSG. The built sequence impedance is not only efficient in well-known small-signal instability analysis of weak grid-connected systems, but competent for intrinsic stability study of the VSG itself by means of pole-zero maps, which integrates the SFR into other small-signal stability issues because of the unified effective impedance models. Simulations verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the sequence impedance to reveal the SFR.
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Yu et al. (2019) studied this question.