• Fish scale/ZIF-8 membrane achieved 97% removal efficiency of indigo blue dye. • ZIF-8 showed 1131 m² g⁻¹ and fish scales 3.4 m² g⁻¹; membrane SSA matched weighted average. • Adsorption followed Elovich kinetics initially, shifting to pseudo-second-order with adsorbent variation. • Adsorption isotherm analysis indicated a predominantly multilayer adsorption process. • Membrane performed well at extreme pH and high dye levels, reaching 2700 mg g⁻¹ capacity.
Melo et al. (Mon,) studied this question.