• RTSF were evaluated from material scale to full-scale urban concrete elements. • Short RTSF improved early post-cracking, while longer fibres enhanced large-deformation response. • Hybrid RTSF improved post-peak stability at full scale despite lower beam-scale toughness. • Inductive measurements confirmed the role of fibre content and orientation on flexural behaviour. • RTSF reinforcement reduced embodied carbon by up to ∼98% vs the industrial reference.
García-Troncoso et al. (Mon,) studied this question.