What question did this study set out to answer?

This study aims to improve heavy metal adsorption from water by modifying power plant residues with zinc oxide nanoparticles.

June 3, 2026

Transforming industrial residues and ZnO nanoparticles into hybrid adsorbents for enhanced heavy metal removal

Key Points

This study aims to improve heavy metal adsorption from water by modifying power plant residues with zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Batch experiments were conducted to test various impregnation ratios of ZnO-NPs with power plant residues.
Optimal adsorption conditions were determined at different pH levels for each heavy metal tested.
Adsorption kinetics were analyzed using the pseudo-second-order model and the Redlich-Peterson model.
Maximum adsorption capacities were 43.59 mg/g for Pb(II), 39.64 mg/g for Cd(II), 40.93 mg/g for As(III), and 19.27 mg/g for Cr(VI).
Optimal pH levels for maximum adsorption were 7 for As(III), 8 for Cd(II), and 3 for both Pb(II) and Cr(VI).
The Redlich-Peterson model suggested adsorption was mainly driven by cation exchange and surface precipitation.

Abstract

This study explores the modification of power plant residues (PPR) with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) to improve adsorption of As(III), Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cr(VI). Batch experiments identified a 3% w/w impregnation ratio as optimal, creating PPR@ZnO3%. Maximum adsorption occurred at pH 7 for As(III), pH 8 for Cd(II), pH 3 for Pb(II), and pH 3 for Cr(VI), with capacities in the order of Pb(II) > Cd(II) > As(III) > Cr(VI). The pseudo-second-order model best fit the adsorption kinetics, with equilibrium capacities of 40.93 mg/g for As(III), 39.64 mg/g for Cd(II), 43.59 mg/g for Pb(II), and 19.27 mg/g for Cr(VI). The Redlich-Peterson model indicated homogeneous monolayer adsorption driven by cation exchange and surface precipitation.

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