Historical Maps in GIS

This chapter offers an overview on the use of historical maps in GIS for the study of environment and landscape. The chapter starts with an introduction on the value of historical maps, their “definition” and a short review of the main types of historical maps that can be useful in a GIS analysis. An important step in the use of historical maps in GIS is their acquisition. A paragraph is dedicated on where to find historical maps either in private or public archives or in an online digital repository. A short description on interpretation the symbols and toponyms on historical maps is provided. Georeferencing a historical map is then described through its main phases and techniques, and by enlightening illustrations. The digitalization and use of features from georeferenced historical maps are described within three short case studies from the literature.