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Defenders of Reason in Islam: Mu’tazilism from Medieval School to Modern Symbol, by Richard C. Martin and Mark R. Woodward, with Dwi S. Atmaja. 251 pages, notes, bibliography, index. Oxford, UK: Oneworld, 1997. ISBN 1-85168-147-7 - Volume 34 Issue 2
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Keith Lewinstein (2000) studied this question.
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