The use of alternative promoters represents an important mechanism for the regulation of growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene expression. Two promoters have been isolated previously for the GHR gene: the P1 promoter that drives liver-specific expression, and the P2 promoter that drives ubiquitous expression. In the present study, we isolated a third GHR promoter termed P3. The P3 promoter was GC-rich and TATA-less. The P3 promoter was able to drive the expression of a luciferase reporter gene in cell lines Hep G2, PLC/PRF/5, and BHK-21. In vivo, the P3 promoter initiated transcription from two major sites in exon 1C of the GHR gene in many tissues. In the adult bovine liver, the P3-transcribed GHR mRNA represented only 10% of the total GHR mRNA pool. In non-hepatic tissues such as kidney, skeletal muscle, mammary gland, and uterus, P3-transcribed GHR mRNA represented 30–40% of the total GHR mRNA pool. Within the bovine GHR gene, the P3 promoter was located immediately downstream from the P2 promoter. In transfected cells, the P2 promoter served as an enhancer for the P3 promoter. Existence and co-regulation of two ubiquitous promoters may be a mechanism for achieving a high level of expression of the GHR gene in multiple tissues. The use of alternative promoters represents an important mechanism for the regulation of growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene expression. Two promoters have been isolated previously for the GHR gene: the P1 promoter that drives liver-specific expression, and the P2 promoter that drives ubiquitous expression. In the present study, we isolated a third GHR promoter termed P3. The P3 promoter was GC-rich and TATA-less. The P3 promoter was able to drive the expression of a luciferase reporter gene in cell lines Hep G2, PLC/PRF/5, and BHK-21. In vivo, the P3 promoter initiated transcription from two major sites in exon 1C of the GHR gene in many tissues. In the adult bovine liver, the P3-transcribed GHR mRNA represented only 10% of the total GHR mRNA pool. In non-hepatic tissues such as kidney, skeletal muscle, mammary gland, and uterus, P3-transcribed GHR mRNA represented 30–40% of the total GHR mRNA pool. Within the bovine GHR gene, the P3 promoter was located immediately downstream from the P2 promoter. In transfected cells, the P2 promoter served as an enhancer for the P3 promoter. Existence and co-regulation of two ubiquitous promoters may be a mechanism for achieving a high level of expression of the GHR gene in multiple tissues. growth hormone growth hormone receptor insulin-like growth factor kilobase(s) untranslated region base pair(s) rapid amplification of cDNA ends RNase protection analysis polymerase chain reaction baby hamster kidney The growth hormone (GH)1receptor (GHR) is a member of the cytokine/hematopoietin receptor superfamily that includes receptors for prolactin, hematopoietin, erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, interferons, and many interleukins (1Argetsinger L.S. Carter-Su C. Physiol. Rev. 1996; 76: 1089-1107Crossref PubMed Scopus (248) Google Scholar). The highest levels of GHR expression are found in liver. Expression of GHR is also readily detectable in many other tissues such as muscle, fat, kidney, and heart (2Baumbach W.R. Horner D.L. Logan J.S. Genes Dev. 1989; 3: 1199-1205Crossref PubMed Scopus (391) Google Scholar, 3Hauser S.D. McGrath M.F. Collier R.J. Krivi G.G. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 1990; 72: 187-200Crossref PubMed Scopus (145) Google Scholar, 4Martini J.F. Pezet A. Guezennec C.Y. Edery M. Postel-Vinay M.C. Kelly P.A. J. Biol. Chem. 1997; 272: 18951-18958Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (57) Google Scholar, 5Mathews L.S. Enberg B. Norstedt G. J. Biol. Chem. 1989; 264: 9905-9910Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar). In liver, GHR mediates the action of GH on the synthesis and systemic secretion of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), which is essential for growth as well as numerous metabolic processes (6Kelly P.A. Djiane J. Postal-Vinay M.C. Edery M. Endocr. Rev. 1991; 12: 235-251Crossref PubMed Scopus (671) Google Scholar, 7Zhou Y. Xu B.C. Maheshwari H.G. He L. Reed M. Lozykowski M. Okada S. Cataldo L. Coschigamo K. Wagner T.E. Baumann G. Kopchick J.J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1997; 94: 13215-13220Crossref PubMed Scopus (685) Google Scholar). In non-hepatic tissues, GHR may mediate the local effect of GH on both proliferation and differentiation at the cellular level, through IGF-I-dependent or -independent mechanisms (8Billestrup N. Nielsen J.H. Endocrinology. 1991; 129: 883-888Crossref PubMed Scopus (98) Google Scholar, 9Florini J.R. Ewton D.Z. Coolican S.A. Endocr. Rev. 1996; 17: 481-517PubMed Google Scholar, 10Nguyen A.P. Chandorkar A. Gupta C. Endocrinology. 1996; 137: 3659-3666Crossref PubMed Scopus (24) Google Scholar, 11Jux C. Leiber K. Hugel U. Blum W. Ohlsson C. Klaus G. Mehls O. Endocrinology. 1998; 139: 3296-3305Crossref PubMed Scopus (139) Google Scholar). Although the expression of GHR increases dramatically during postnatal life (5Mathews L.S. Enberg B. Norstedt G. J. Biol. Chem. 1989; 264: 9905-9910Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar), functional GHR is also found in the early embryo (12Pantaleon M. Whiteside E.J. Harvey M.B. Barnard R.T. Waters M.J. Kaye P.L. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1997; 94: 5125-5130Crossref PubMed Scopus (110) Google Scholar) and fetus (13Adams T.E. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 1995; 108: 23-33Crossref PubMed Scopus (47) Google Scholar, 14Li J. Owens J.A. Owens P.C. Saunders J.C. Fowden A.L. Gilmour R.S. Endocrinology. 1996; 137: 1650-1657Crossref PubMed Scopus (70) Google Scholar), suggesting a role of GH/GHR in early embryogenesis and fetal development. Little is known about the mechanism regulating the ontogeny of the GHR gene. GHR mRNA is transcribed from a single-copy gene (15Godowski P.J. Leung D.W. Meacham L.R Galgani J.P. Hellmiss R. Keret R. Rotwein P.S. Parks J.S. Laron Z. Wood W.I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1989; 86: 8083-8087Crossref PubMed Scopus (549) Google Scholar, 16Barton D.E. Foellmer B.E. Wood W.I. Francke U. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 1989; 50: 137-141Crossref PubMed Scopus (93) Google Scholar), from which GH-binding protein, a shortened GHR lacking transmembrane and intracellular domains, is also generated by alternative splicing (2Baumbach W.R. Horner D.L. Logan J.S. Genes Dev. 1989; 3: 1199-1205Crossref PubMed Scopus (391) Google Scholar, 4Martini J.F. Pezet A. Guezennec C.Y. Edery M. Postel-Vinay M.C. Kelly P.A. J. Biol. Chem. 1997; 272: 18951-18958Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (57) Google Scholar, 17Smith W.C. Kuniyoshi J. Talamantes F. Mol. Endocrinol. 1989; 3: 984-990Crossref PubMed Scopus (298) Google Scholar). The cDNA sequence for GHR has been determined in various species (2Baumbach W.R. Horner D.L. Logan J.S. Genes Dev. 1989; 3: 1199-1205Crossref PubMed Scopus (391) Google Scholar, 3Hauser S.D. McGrath M.F. Collier R.J. Krivi G.G. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 1990; 72: 187-200Crossref PubMed Scopus (145) Google Scholar, 4Martini J.F. Pezet A. Guezennec C.Y. Edery M. Postel-Vinay M.C. Kelly P.A. J. Biol. Chem. 1997; 272: 18951-18958Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (57) Google Scholar, 5Mathews L.S. Enberg B. Norstedt G. J. Biol. Chem. 1989; 264: 9905-9910Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar, 17Smith W.C. Kuniyoshi J. Talamantes F. Mol. Endocrinol. 1989; 3: 984-990Crossref PubMed Scopus (298) Google Scholar, 18Leung D.W. Spencer S.A Cachianes G. Hammonds R.G. Collins C. Henzel W.J. Barnard R. Waters M.J. Wood W.I. Nature. 1987; 330: 537-543Crossref PubMed Scopus (1369) Google Scholar, 19Adams T.E. Baker L. Fiddes R.J. Brandon M.R. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 1990; 73: 135-145Crossref PubMed Scopus (107) Google Scholar, 20Cioffi J.A. Wang X. Kopchick J.J. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990; 18: 6451Crossref PubMed Scopus (47) Google Scholar). The structural organization of the GHR gene, however, is only known for the human. The GHR gene is of and from exon to exon The is located in exon and transcription is initiated from exon (15Godowski P.J. Leung D.W. Meacham L.R Galgani J.P. Hellmiss R. Keret R. Rotwein P.S. Parks J.S. Laron Z. Wood W.I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1989; 86: 8083-8087Crossref PubMed Scopus (549) Google Scholar). of GHR in various species has that the GHR cDNA are in D.W. Spencer S.A Cachianes G. Hammonds R.G. Collins C. Henzel W.J. Barnard R. Waters M.J. Wood W.I. Nature. 1987; 330: 537-543Crossref PubMed Scopus (1369) Google Scholar, Collier R.J. M.C. Endocrinol. 1996; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, F. Cell Biol. 1995; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar) and that alternative are a from the in exon has to the that the transcription of the GHR gene is by multiple promoters in exon a liver-specific GHR promoter has been isolated in various species Brandon M.R. T.E. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar), M. L. J. Biol. Chem. 1995; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar), and L. Endocrinology. 1997; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). The P1 promoter drives the expression of GHR in the of postnatal GHR promoter has also been isolated in and to drive the expression of GHR in various tissues (13Adams T.E. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 1995; 108: 23-33Crossref PubMed Scopus (47) Google Scholar). transcription from multiple promoters represents an important mechanism the and of GHR gene expression. In we the and of a promoter for the bovine GHR gene. we for the bovine GHR mRNA in the in an to GHR an that as a receptor for bovine was the bovine has high sites for bovine and sites are to the GHR J.C. Collier R.J. Proc. Biol. 1995; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). rapid amplification of cDNA ends we isolated for the bovine GHR cDNA from RNase protection analysis that the in many other tissues and analysis of the region to have a third promoter for the bovine GHR gene. bovine tissues at immediately in and at of total was by to the The for by of determined from of at was by of the of the bovine GHR cDNA in was of total was transcribed cDNA and the which was for the exon region of the bovine GHR the RNase the cDNA was from to a The cDNA was as a in of polymerase chain reaction of for for and for the and the The of amplification was to a amplification amplification and for an at The other and in The of the amplification was by in a and of by the and on an of was by the and by the of from for and GHR cDNA sequence from GHR cDNA sequence from GHR cDNA sequence from sequence in sequence in are to and are and amplification GHR cDNA sequence from 3Hauser S.D. McGrath M.F. Collier R.J. Krivi G.G. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 1990; 72: 187-200Crossref PubMed Scopus (145) Google sequence in in a The are to and are and amplification The was to the expression of for GHR cDNA in bovine tissues and to the transcription The the was was generated transcription and polymerase The of the was The was the to the of was of total in at the in of a of RNase and RNase at for The by on a The was and to at for or The of on the was The of mRNA represented by was by the the of and for and of The of total GHR mRNA was by the of and GHR previously isolated the bovine GHR by a bovine in generated from the cDNA for the bovine GHR or Collier R.J. M.C. Endocrinol. 1996; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, M.C. J. Sci. 1998; Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). The GHR and are transcribed by the P1 and P2 to the GHR for the of isolated The amplification was on of in two and that for the The was for of for for and for The was from GHR that isolated the as a was from and the to was as sites the by the and by The GHR region was for to drive the expression of the luciferase reporter gene in the from was the sites and from the luciferase reporter gene in was The was generated by a from the and at the at the sites and The and sequence of the by through the was the Cell lines from the and for cell from cell Hep and hamster kidney cell in essential 10% fetal bovine and at cell was in the on well Hep or or a in well transfected of and of the The was to the in the and be from that of the luciferase in in the of the and in for to luciferase In the was also transfected in to the of the of the of the luciferase and in a the to the and in of at for of cell was of in a The for the luciferase was immediately for a a of was to the to the luciferase the The from the was the in was by the for the luciferase that for luciferase The luciferase of a was as to that of and the sequence of the bovine GHR mRNA in the by the of and that and by the in the at the and the sequence at the that of of and the previously isolated bovine GHR and Collier R.J. M.C. Endocrinol. 1996; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar) that an region of exon in the bovine GHR cDNA from The however, in the from the the isolated for the bovine GHR for and also that at the and are in the sequence be of the bovine 1C the bovine and and the In only the sequence of the of 1C is the the previously isolated bovine and Collier R.J. M.C. Endocrinol. 1996; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, M.C. Collier R.J. W.C. J. Sci. 1995; 73: PubMed Scopus Google the bovine an exon region and in the In the sequence F. Cell Biol. 1995; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar) is the region the bovine 1C to In exon and the of the for the GHR mRNA Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar) and for sequence for the of exon of the for the GHR mRNA F. Cell Biol. 1995; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar) that may be to the bovine 1C of the the sequence to the bovine was found an exon region to exon the in exon a was found of the and the was the major for the bovine GHR S.D. McGrath M.F. Collier R.J. Krivi G.G. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 1990; 72: 187-200Crossref PubMed Scopus (145) Google Scholar). from the to an early expression of an of the bovine GHR from or is was to and in tissues. The two major The was generated from the the was generated from the uterus, expression of and was in adult bovine tissues, levels in liver, muscle, uterus, mammary gland, kidney, and in and Expression of and was also in fetal and kidney tissues the fetal was the only that to or Expression of and was also in of adult Although the was as a the of of and was that of the total GHR mRNA (2Baumbach W.R. Horner D.L. Logan J.S. Genes Dev. 1989; 3: 1199-1205Crossref PubMed Scopus (391) Google Scholar, 3Hauser S.D. McGrath M.F. Collier R.J. Krivi G.G. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 1990; 72: 187-200Crossref PubMed Scopus (145) Google Scholar, 4Martini J.F. Pezet A. Guezennec C.Y. Edery M. Postel-Vinay M.C. Kelly P.A. J. Biol. Chem. 1997; 272: 18951-18958Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (57) Google Scholar, 5Mathews L.S. Enberg B. Norstedt G. J. Biol. Chem. 1989; 264: 9905-9910Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar). The as isolated by was by the was the may have been from a shortened cDNA by transcription and was a The exon generated from GHR mRNA other GHR and GHR was of the to the of and GHR to the total GHR mRNA pool. that a high level of GHR mRNA The was for a that the of exon be The of and GHR to the total GHR mRNA are in In the adult bovine liver, of the GHR mRNA is transcribed from exon by the liver-specific promoter P1 Brandon M.R. T.E. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, M. L. J. Biol. Chem. 1995; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, L. Endocrinology. 1997; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar), GHR represented only of the total GHR mRNA In non-hepatic tissues such as kidney, mammary gland, uterus, and muscle, of the total GHR mRNA was represented by The of GHR mRNA in non-hepatic tissues that in Within fetal and kidney, of to the total GHR mRNA to in the adult tissues GHR mRNA was in the fetal the adult the GHR promoter in is and the P1 promoter is M.C. J. Sci. 1998; Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). the GHR represented a of the total GHR mRNA in the fetal in the adult of and GHR mRNA to the total GHR mRNA and of GHR to GHR from in the from in the from in the from in the from in the from in from in from in from in from in or from in or from in or of and GHR mRNA from RNase protection analysis of adult and fetal bovine is in are as multiple The in the are the of in the for by analysis of and from in the from in from in or in a The of and GHR mRNA from RNase protection analysis of adult and fetal bovine is in are as multiple The in the are the of in the for by analysis of and Within tissues expression of was of to and various tissues of to found in and kidney in other tissues Although the of and GHR mRNA as well as the total GHR mRNA to be in the and mammary of the of and to the total GHR mRNA various tissues by The present was to the levels of and GHR mRNA to the total GHR mRNA pool. levels of and GHR mRNA tissues as well as in during be in The to was by from the bovine that GHR of the that a of the GHR that and in the sequence the sequence has been in as in the cDNA sequence that and are generated by transcription from sites in the The exon was 1C in the for the bovine exon and from which the and are and also that the of exon 1C is downstream from exon The of exon 1C to exon to be on the of and of bovine GHR at exon 1C and exon also that exon is at downstream from exon and at from exon The of the sequence is as the transcription the of a mRNA is isolated by the D.W. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1995; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, M. N. D.E. J. Biol. Chem. 1998; Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, Z. S. J. Biol. Chem. 1997; 272: Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). The of and of to be the transcription sites in exon The transcription for was to the transcription by in which a was The and sites are two major sites in exon 1C levels of and GHR mRNA are The for may be a or amplification of was to The GHR promoter for and in was by the high expression of and in and many non-hepatic tissues. The promoter of the region of exon 1C was in to drive the expression of the luciferase reporter gene in the in cell lines Hep G2, PLC/PRF/5, and cell BHK-21. in cells, which a region of and the in Hep G2, PLC/PRF/5, and cells, was that the promoter of region was the P2 promoter the P2 promoter and exon in the region of the a was by only the region of to the luciferase reporter gene. The the region of exon in the promoter and the in Hep G2, PLC/PRF/5, and cells, of the P2 promoter region also the promoter of transfected and Hep cells, that of that transcription of is initiated by a functional promoter from the P2 promoter. The promoter was P3. The of promoter P3 be by the P2 promoter. In study, we isolated for the bovine GHR mRNA from bovine total by and Expression of two of the and was by in various tissues and of the GHR region and analysis a promoter that initiated the transcription of from sites in exon 1C of a third promoter for the GHR gene to the of the structural organization of the GHR region and the mechanisms for the regulation of GHR gene expression. of alternative promoters to transcription has been as a to and expression of many J.S. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 1991; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar), the gene S. C. F. A. J. Mol. Biol. 1987; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar), J. Biol. Chem. Full Text PDF PubMed Google Scholar), receptor gene M.C. M.C. Y. F. P.J. J. Biol. Chem. 1995; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar), and gene G. J. Biol. Chem. 1997; 272: Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). In the of the GHR gene, two promoters been isolated and The termed was isolated in Brandon M.R. T.E. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar) and in M. L. J. Biol. Chem. 1995; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar), M.C. Collier R.J. W.C. J. Sci. 1995; 73: PubMed Scopus Google Scholar), and in L. Endocrinology. 1997; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). The P1 promoter is The termed was only isolated in (13Adams T.E. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 1995; 108: 23-33Crossref PubMed Scopus (47) Google Scholar), also present in Collier R.J. M.C. Endocrinol. 1996; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, M.C. J. Sci. 1998; Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar) and Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). The P2 promoter to be a ubiquitous promoter that the expression of the GHR gene in various tissues liver. The GHR isolated in the present study, to be a ubiquitous promoter for the bovine GHR gene. The for that in bovine tissues and that P3 was able to drive the expression of a reporter gene in both and non-hepatic cell lines Although is the for the expression of the of the P3 promoter to be important in non-hepatic tissues. In the of adult the GHR represented only a of the total GHR mRNA the of the GHR mRNA was transcribed from the liver-specific P1 promoter. In non-hepatic tissues, GHR generated from the P3 promoter represented about 30–40% of the total GHR mRNA of the GHR are transcribed from a ubiquitous GHR and exon M.C. J. Sci. 1998; Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus Google Scholar) and M. C. are in a of ubiquitous in uterus, liver, muscle, kidney, and mammary in other tissues. The of the expression of and GHR mRNA tissues was also by the of GHR mRNA in the total GHR mRNA tissues in and and in adult and fetal and that the of P3 and P2 promoters be The co-regulation mechanism of P3 and P2 which of the GHR in non-hepatic tissues, is the of the in cellular and differentiation in multiple tissues (8Billestrup N. Nielsen J.H. Endocrinology. 1991; 129: 883-888Crossref PubMed Scopus (98) Google Scholar, 9Florini J.R. Ewton D.Z. Coolican S.A. Endocr. Rev. 1996; 17: 481-517PubMed Google Scholar, 10Nguyen A.P. Chandorkar A. Gupta C. Endocrinology. 1996; 137: 3659-3666Crossref PubMed Scopus (24) Google Scholar, 11Jux C. Leiber K. Hugel U. Blum W. Ohlsson C. Klaus G. Mehls O. Endocrinology. 1998; 139: 3296-3305Crossref PubMed Scopus (139) Google Scholar). The P3 promoter was located downstream from exon in the bovine GHR gene The of promoter P3 to P2 for an the two promoters as well as the co-regulation of The that of the P2 promoter region in the P3 the of the P3 promoter that the P2 promoter may as an enhancer for the P3 or that for the P2 promoter may be by the P3 promoter. for ubiquitous factor and sites are located in the region of the P2 promoter. the and sites a ubiquitous enhancer for both mechanisms for co-regulation of two ubiquitous promoters for the gene J.P. A. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). mechanism to the bovine GHR gene to be Although GHR regulation of P3 tissues be expression of in tissues such as liver, muscle, uterus, and kidney in other tissues such as and that the P3 promoter may be by as well as transcription have that the GHR mRNA in kidney Kopchick J.J. Endocrinology. 1997; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar) and in P.A. A. 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PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). the of and are about to the bovine and of the bovine 1C the to only a suggesting that the of the bovine 1C was the In the bovine GHR gene, exon 1C was located from exon The sequence of the bovine GHR exon and region was to the region in the GHR gene and also to the region in the GHR gene (13Adams T.E. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 1995; 108: 23-33Crossref PubMed Scopus (47) Google Scholar). the and of the bovine exon 1C in the and GHR to for the and for the are also for the GHR mRNA F. Cell Biol. 1995; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). The and are to the bovine and the bovine in both sequence and expression and of cDNA that the be the of bovine 1C and bovine 1C a region the and the bovine 1C are in and many non-hepatic tissues F. Cell Biol. 1995; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar), suggesting the ubiquitous of the P3 promoter in the and in other 30–40% of of GHR in the total GHR mRNA non-hepatic tissues, is the of GHR mRNA in F. Cell Biol. 1995; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). The of P3 and P2 may be for Although GHR promoters and to in various of other for the GHR mRNA Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar), the GHR mRNA F. Cell Biol. 1995; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar), and the bovine GHR that the GHR promoters may be to and P3. promoters to be and for the GHR gene.
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