Study of Akkermansia muciniphila Effect on the Gut Microbiome of Mice Under LPS‐Induced Systemic Inflammation

Probiotics are strains of living bacteria and yeast that play an important role in regulating the gut microbiota and enhancing host immunity. In the last decade, the bacterial species Akkermansia muciniphila has attracted great interest due to its possible probiotic properties, which play an important role in human health. However, the mechanisms of action of A. muciniphila are still poorly understood. The effect of the A. muciniphila on the intestinal microbiome of model animals with systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is unexplored. This study aims to investigate the impact of A. muciniphila on the microbiological composition of the mouse gut under LPS‐induced systemic inflammation using high‐throughput sequencing. The study used a new generation sequencing method aimed at genome‐wide sequencing of microorganisms, which makes it possible to study changes in the composition of the microbiome at the bacterial species level, as well as to identify the genes of the metabolic pathways of intestinal bacteria in the studied mice. Our analysis revealed statistically significant differences across all studied groups, with a notable predominance of members from the families Muribaculaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Oscillospiraceae. Consumption of A. muciniphila increased the alpha diversity of gut bacteria (Shannon index) in the context of induced inflammation. Evaluation of the effect of LPS and A. muciniphila on metabolic pathways showed statistically significant differences for the pathways of synthesis and degradation of amino acids, transforming folic acid, and synthesis of sugars. Genetic analysis showed that the probiotic bacterium A. muciniphila reduced the degree of negative effects of LPS on the mouse gut microbiome under systemic inflammation.