Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: Role of Financial Distress

This study explores the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial distress on the financial performance of companies in Pakistan's PSX 100 Index. With a focus on societal contributions and competitive advantage, the research addresses the limited CSR activities in Pakistan, emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive policies promoting social welfare and economic growth. Analyzing data from 48 companies of manufacturing and financial sectors, the study uncovers insights into Pakistani industries, emphasizing the effects of CSR on financial performance in the presence of financial distress. It underscores the importance of balancing financial risks with social responsibilities, contributing to the understanding